Atomic Radius Definition and Trend

Atomic Radius Definition and Trend Atomic radius is a term used to describe the size of an atom, however, there is no standard definition for this value. An atomic radius may refer to the ionic radius, covalent radius, metallic radius, or van der Waals radius. Atomic Radius Periodic Table Trends No matter what criteria you use to describe the atomic radius, the size of an atom is dependent on how far out its electrons extend. The atomic radius of an element tends to increase the further down you go in an element group. Thats because the  electrons become more tightly packed as you move across the periodic table, so while there are more electrons for elements of increasing atomic number, the atomic radius may decrease. The atomic radius moving down an element period  or column tends to increase because an additional electron shell is added for each new row. In general, the largest atoms are at the bottom lefthand side of the periodic table. Atomic Radius Versus Ionic Radius The atomic and ionic radius is the same for atoms of neutral elements, such as argon, krypton, and neon. However, many atoms of elements are more stable as atomic ions. If the atom loses its outermost electron, it becomes a cation or positively charged ion. Examples include K and Na. Some atoms might lose multiple outer electrons, such as Ca2. When electrons are removed from an atom, it might lose its outermost electron shell, making the ionic radius smaller than the atomic radius. In contrast, some atoms are more stable if they gain one or more electrons, forming an anion or negatively charged atomic ion. Examples include Cl- and F-. Because another electron shell isnt added, the size difference between the atomic radius and ionic radius of an anion isnt as much as for a cation. The anion ionic radius is the same as or slightly larger than the atomic radius. Overall, the trend for the ionic radius is the same as for the atomic radius: increasing in size moving across and decreasing moving down the periodic table. However, its tricky to measure the ionic radius, not least because charged atomic ions repel each other. Measuring Atomic Radius You cant put atoms under a normal microscope and measure their size- although you can kind of do it using an atomic force microscope. Also, atoms dont sit still for examination; they are constantly in motion. Thus, any measure of atomic (or ionic) radius is an estimate that contains a large margin of error. The atomic radius is measured based on the distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are barely touching each other, which means the electron shells of the two atoms are just touching each other. This diameter between the atoms is divided by two to give the radius. Its important, however, that the two atoms dont share a chemical bond (e.g., O2, H2) because the bond implies an overlap of the electron shells or a shared outer shell. The atomic radii of atoms cited in the literature are usually empirical data taken from crystals. For newer elements, the atomic radii are theoretical or calculated values, based on the probable size of the electron shells. How Big Are Atoms? A picometer is 1-trillionth of a meter. The atomic radius of the hydrogen atom is about 53 picometers.The atomic radius of an iron atom is about 156 picometers.The largest measured atom is cesium, which has a radius of about 298 picometers.

Euthenasia essays

Euthenasia essays Euthanasia is also known as mercy killing, but it is hard-core murder. Killing is killing, it cannot be justified as mercy killing or killing out of compassion. Taking another human life is plain wrong, and there cannot be any exceptions whatsoever. The act of euthanasia proves to the society that life is not precious and can be ended just like that. Terminally ill patients, rather than giving up and killing themselves, should spend time with their families and doing things that they want to do. The patients should let nature take its course and not await death; rather they should enjoy and live life to the fullest, so they wont have any regrets. Euthanasia is not a safe or respectable practice and it should remain illegal, not just in Canada, but in other parts of the world. Life is a sacred gift. If a society loses its belief that life is a gift, the life in that culture will be meaningless and death will be at a very cheap cost. The Doctors in Nazi Germany did not believe that life was a sacred gift. They began authorizing euthanasia for mentally ill and deformed individuals. From mentally ill and deformed people, they started authorizing euthanasia for the undesirables. Soon, they were able to justify the extermination of six million Jews, Poles, Evangelicals, and other that seemed expendable by Hitlers Third Reich. If a society feels that it is right to end life because it is not the quality that they want it to be, soon they will be justifying other atrocities by cloaking it with masks of compassion and realism. Even patients suffering from diseases that can be cured by euthanasia are speaking out against the act. Janice Elsner, a patient suffering from a progressing muscular dystrophy, believes that life is a gift no matter what the situation. A ssisted suicide is sending the opposite message that if someone is becoming an inconvenience or a burden, they can just ...

Deutsche Bank is a global universal bank. What are the advantages and Essay

Deutsche Bank is a global universal bank. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a global universal bank and what are som - Essay Example The Deutsche bank holds a record for being the only bank that has strived to achieve omnipresence. Evidently, universal banks exhibit multiple benefits to the clients, but a closer analysis reveals that they have certain disadvantages. This paper will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of universal banks. Moreover, the paper will analyse the issues that arise when handling tasks in the compliance department. Advantages of Universal Banks Universal banks offer their clients a diverse range of services to different clients having the opportunity to receive personalized services that conform to their banking needs. Usually individuals, groups, organizations, states and multi-national organizations exhibit varying financial needs. The fact that universal banks have the capacity to offer tailor-made services, they surpass other banks by offering each client service that conforms to personal financial needs. This is the reason why universal banks offer a high level of convenience t o the clients (Heller, Meaney & Murphy 2001, p. 78). They serve as a single-stop banks where one can access all the required financial needs. Evidently, such convenience receives emphasis from the presence of most universal banks in different regions, affording the clients an increased banking flexibility even beyond the borders. Recent research reveals that universal banks serve as critical contributors to the economy. This is because they have the capacity to support a diverse range of investments in different parts of the globe. Universal banks exert their effect on the entire economic system, altering the economic trends by providing financial breakthroughtwo different types of clients. Universal banks serve private household clients, offering arrange of appealing service packages appropriate for them (Palepu2007, p. 87). Moreover, universal banks offer a range of services to institutional clients empowering them to receive the required the financial boost to achieve their goals . This factor has served as a reliable solution to the financial problems of many institutions as they can form investment partnerships with universal banks. These services are offered at a relatively lowered funding cost compared to other banks. Evidently, universal banks register a low level of profiling costs, placing them in a better position to offer services at the lower funding cost compared to other banks. Moreover, these banks exhibit a lower funding cost themselves, explaining further why they favour all types of clients. Universal banks have served to increase the willingness of credit borrowers, a factor that has contributed to the rising returns for clients who wish to save. This has been especially advantageous to governments that exhibit financial needs that require borrowing. Moreover, this proves to be highly beneficial to other clients, and contributes to a surging growth. This has given rise to an evident rise instability of the economies by causing as the spread of innovations in different regions in the globe (PadoanBrenton & Boyd 2003, p. 34). Disadvantages Although universal banks exhibit all these benefits, they face a surging pressure to satisfy all the clients in different regions.These banks face the compulsion of maintaining a high quality of their services (Lambert&Ioma2005, p.98). They have to ensure that they are responsive; clear in communication, prompt, and a high level of integrity in offering

International Political Theorie Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Political Theorie - Coursework Example Everyone ue theorie--whether he or he know it or not--and diagreement about policy uually ret on more fundamental diagreement about the baic force that hape international outcome. Take, for example, the current debate on how to repond to China. From one perpective, China' acent i the latet example of the tendency for riing power to alter the global balance of power in potentially dangerou way, epecially a their growing influence make them more ambitiou. From another perpective, the key to China' future conduct i whether it behavior will be modified by it integration into world market and by the (inevitable) pread of democratic principle. From yet another viewpoint, relation between China and the ret of the world will be haped by iue of culture and identity: Will China ee itelf (and be een by other) a a normal member of the world community or a ingular ociety that deerve pecial treatment (Necati , 447-477) In the ame way, the debate over nato expanion look different depending on which theory one employ. From a "realit" perpective, nato expanion i an effort to extend Wetern influence--well beyond the traditional phere of U.. vital interet--during a period of Ruian weakne and i likely to provoke a harh repone from Mocow. From a liberal perpective, however, expanion will reinforce the nacent democracie of Central Europe and extend nato' conflict-management mechanim to a potentially turbulent region. A third view might tre the value of incorporating the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland within the Wetern ecurity community, whoe member hare a common identity that ha made war largely unthinkable. Where Are We Coming From The tudy of international affair i bet undertood a a protracted competition between the realit, liberal, and radical tradition. Realim emphaize the enduring propenity for conflict between tate; liberalim identifie everal way to mitigate thee conflictive tendencie; and the radical tradition decribe how the entire ytem of tate relation might be tranformed. The boundarie between thee tradition are omewhat fuzzy and a number of important work do not fit neatly into any of them, but debate within and among them have largely defined the dicipline. Realim Realim wa the dominant theoretical tradition throughout the Cold War. It depict international affair a a truggle for power among elf-intereted tate and i generally peimitic about the propect for eliminating conflict and war. Realim dominated in the Cold War year becaue it provided imple but powerful explanation for war, alliance, imperialim, obtacle to cooperation, and other international phenomena, and becaue it emphai on competition wa conitent with the central feature of the American-oviet rivalry (Daniel , 111-128) Liberalim The principal challenge to realim came from a broad family of liberal theorie. One trand of liberal thought argued that economic interdependence would dicourage tate from uing force againt each other becaue warfare would threaten each ide' properity. A econd trand, often aociated with Preident Woodrow Wilon, aw the pread of democracy a the key to world peace, baed on the claim that democratic tate were inherently more peaceful than authoritarian tate. A third, more recent theory argued that international intitution uch a the International Energy Agency and the

Fukushima power plant disaser Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fukushima power plant disaser - Essay Example The events resulted in an explosion and partial nuclear meltdown in three operational reactors of the plant. However, it never caused serious fatalities given the rapid response including evacuation efforts. Even though the disaster never caused many deaths, it comprises of the significant occurrences in the global history. It remains as the biggest nuclear disaster that took the authorities about 14 days to completely shut down the facility and several years to decommission and restore the effects. The collapse began when the tsunami severely damaged three operational reactors in plant number 1 and 2 at the Fukushima Daiichi. Subsequently, the shutdown stopped operations of the site by stopping the backup diesel generators thereby leading to a site blackout. The blackout and tsunami resulted in the failure of seawater pumps thus hindering cooling of the reactors. It then led to the meltdowns in the three primary reactors of the facility. In response, the government issued an evacuation notice for people within the 3-kilometre radius and later 10 km radius because of the magnitude of the challenge (Fukushima Accident). The radiations contaminated the Pacific Ocean water and caused massi ve air pollution. It also led to displacements of people, disruption of the way of life, the decline in the economic activities. The Tokaimura accident in 1999 triggered the development of radiation-resistant robots. However, a task force that included the representatives of Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) discredited the robots in 2002. Besides, no nation or plant projected the possibility of occurrence of a disaster similar to the Chernobyl. The firms also showed belief in the skilled employees to manage and limit the occurrence of nuclear accidents. Hence, dissolution of radiation robots enhanced Japan’s vulnerabilities and limited the response options to the Fukushima disaster (Lochbaum, Lyman and Stranahan 40). Earlier on, the Tokyo Electric Power

The Trojan Horse Virus: An Overview

The Trojan Horse Virus: An Overview Another type of malware that is not technically a virus because there is usually no auto-replication is a Trojan horse program, which seems to be something useful, as a free utility, but actually contains some kind of malware. The unhappy about a Trojan program that is running the software users willingly and still do not know what is causing problems on their systems. Rootkits are a form of Trojan horse programs that can monitor the traffic from a computer, monitor keystrokes and capturing passwords. Are the most modern backdoor on one system and are between the most insidious Trojan horse software because they can mask that the system has been compromised by changing the file system and drivers needed for the normal operation of the computer. Viruses A virus is a program that spreads, replicating it in other programs or documents. Its only purpose is to interrupt the operation of your computer or network by deleting or corrupting files, disk formatting or by using large quantities of computer resources. Viruses and worms that spread through e-mail attachments were common place for years. They are simple to avoid; just dont open any attachments from emails sent by someone who you arent expecting a message. Even if you know the sender, careful; malware programs may use address book from an e-mail program to send messages, causing you to believe that the message is safe. In fact, most virus scanners detect a virus or worm contained in an e-mail message and often excludes the annex before it ever reaches your Inbox, but if the virus is very new, it cannot be detected. Worm A worm is similar to a virus that replicates automatically, but a worm does not attach to another program; indeed, it is a standalone program. Worms are now more common than viruses, because with the Internet and network connectivity, worms in general do not need help to spread. Whereas a virus requires a user to run the program that contains the virus to operate and then copy this file to spread a worm can do their work without any help and can propagate through a network connection available. Some insidious actions that a worm can commit include using the network bandwidth, deleting files, send e-mails and creating backdoors in computers. NETWORK SECURITY POLICY Without a security policy, the availability of your network can be compromised. The policy begins with the assessment of risk to network and build a team to respond. Continuation of the policy requires the practical implementation of change management and monitoring of network security for breaches of security. Finally, the review process modifies the existing policy and adapts the lessons learned. The last area of responsibility is the answer. While often network monitoring identifies a security violation, the security team members that are the real solution and fixing of such violation. Each Member of the security team should know in detail the security features provided by the equipment in its operational area. While we define the responsibilities of the team as a whole, you must define the individual roles and responsibilities of the security team members in your security policy. Approving Security Changes Security changes are defined as changes to network equipment that can have an impact on overall network security. Your security policy must identify the requirements of specific security configuration in non-technical terms. In other words, instead of setting a requirement as no outside sources FTP connections will be allowed through the firewall, set the requirement as outside connections should not be able to retrieve files from inside the network. You need to define a unique set of requirements for your organization. The security team should review the list of simple language requirements to identify issues of design requirements or specific network configuration. After the team created the network configuration changes necessary to implement the security policy, you can apply these possible future configuration changes. Although it is possible for the security team review all changes, this process enables them to only review the changes that risk sufficient to justify special treatment. We recommend that the security team to review the following types of changes: Any change in the firewall configuration. Any amendment (ACL) of access control lists. Any changes to the configuration of the simple network management protocol (SNMP). Any change or update software that differs from the list of approved software revision. We recommend that you also meet the following guidelines: Change passwords for network devices on a routine basis. To restrict access to network devices to a list of approved personnel. Ensure that the current revision levels of environments software network servers and equipment are in accordance with the security configuration requirements. Monitoring Security of Your Network Security monitoring is similar for network monitoring, except focuses on the detection of network changes that indicate a security breach. The starting point for security monitoring is to determine what constitutes a violation. Conduct a risk analysis, we identify the level of monitoring required based on the threat to the system. By adopting security changes, we identify specific threats to the network. Looking at both of these parameters, I will develop a clear picture of what you need to monitor and frequency. In risk analysis matrix, the firewall is considered a high-risk network, indicating that he should follow. In approving security changes section, youll find that you must monitor for changes to the firewall. This means that the SNMP polling agent should monitor things such as failed login attempts, unusual traffic, changes to the firewall, access granted to the firewall and configuration of connections through the firewall. Following this example, create a monitoring policy to each area identified in your risk analysis. We recommend that the equipment of low risk, medium risk equipment weekly and daily monitoring equipment high-risk per hour. If you need more rapid detection, monitor in a short time interval. Finally, your security policy should address how to notify the security team of security breaches. Often, your network monitoring software will be the first to discover the breach. It should trigger a notification to the operations centre, which in turn shall notify the security team using a pager number, if necessary.

home school Essay -- essays research papers

Home schooling is another way for a child to receive his or her education. It is one of many alternatives to regular schooling (classrooms and schools). It is the oldest alternatives to regular schooling and one of the most effective. There are many true stories proving that home schooling is an effective and often successful way to teach you child. But first lets talk about home schooling began in the U.S. Home schooling started in colonial America, (around 1777 to 1783) for most colonial homes, home schooling was the only thing available. According to the Texas home school coalition, our founding fathers had a strong conviction that children should be able to read for the very important reason of reading the Bible for the spiritual benefits and truth it contained (Texas home school coalition 1997). Sometimes parents would hire a tutor to teach their children subjects in which they did not feel qualified (Texas home school coalition 1997). It wasn’t till later that education developed into religious training in the universities in the Ivy League. These universities were strictly there to train ministers. According to the THSC (Texas Home School Coalition), the entrance requirements often included being able to read and translate Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. Eventually, communities and states began to establish schools funded by the government however, these schools still had a strong religious up bringing. Home schooling has been around for a long time. But most people won’t know the steps it takes to successfully home school a child. But, to fully understand these steps one must first learn the basics of home schooling. Home schooling means to teach or be taught at home. Home schooling is to teach children at home, or be taught at home rather than in the public school system, using an approved curriculum. Of course the parents have to have a degree to teach their children (except in New Jersey). According to the New Jersey Education laws all high schools in New Jersey will accept students who were taught by their parents. The parents have to bring proof of the child’s progress and the names of the textbooks the child has used (NJ Education Laws 1). I do not think many colleges can accept students that went through home schooling at a high school level. These laws differ from state to state. California's Department of Education maintains that you can't hom... ...com. 2002 30 Mar. 2003 Rasicot, Julie. â€Å"College without a campus.† Good Housekeeping. Sep. 1997: p156 Academic search premier. EBSCOhost. Middlesex County College Library, Edison. 20 Mar. 2003 Texas home schooling coalition. â€Å"A home school history lesson.† Texas Home Schooling Coalition. 1997 3 Apr. 2003 Kendler, KS. â€Å"Social Phobia† Psychology Today. 1995 3 Apr. 2003 Wilkes, Byron. â€Å"If all you have is a hammer†¦can you build a solid foundation for your child’s learning?† The Old House. 2000-2003 Hallowell, Edward M. â€Å"What I’ve learned from ADD.† Psychology Today. May/Jun 97 15 Apr. 2003 Ray, Brian D. â€Å"Home Schooling: The Ameliorator of Negative Influences on Learning?† PJE: Peabody Journal of Education. 2000 Academic search premier. EBSCOhost. Middlesex County College Library, Edison. 15 Apr. 2003 New York Education laws. â€Å"NY education code for homeschooling.† Gomilpitas.com. 2002 16 Apr. 2003 California’s Education laws. â€Å"NY education code for homeschooling.† Gomilpitas.com. 2002 16 Apr. 2003 Bruner, Kimberly. â€Å"Homeschooling: A natural.† Countryside & Small Stock Journal. 2001 Academic search premier. EBSCOhost. Middlesex County College Library, Edison. 15 Apr. 2003

Marketing Reflection Paper Essay

Marketing is a major component for most business in the United States but is only just beginning to take hold in the healthcare field. Within the healthcare arena the concepts of marketing has taken a long time to develop. In the late 1970s Evanston Hospital in Illinois was the first hospital to hire a marketing person for healthcare. We are now in the early 21st Century and healthcare marketing is going full steam ahead. The purpose of this essay is to examine some of the healthcare marketing techniques and its possible impact on healthcare workers. General OpinionI have only been working in the healthcare industry for about seven years. Of the seven years, I worked five of them in one large medical center in a local town. Marketing was never a part of my vocabulary until recently. I honestly didn’t pay too much attention to advertising campaigns until I started working for Saint Francis Medical Center in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Mass communication was and still is a major marketing technique that Saint Francis uses. A day doesn’t goes by that you will not see the â€Å"Medical Minute† spot on the local television stations. Shortly after Saint Francis started using this technique, three other local hospitals developed their own television campaigns. Even though some people may get tired of the constant bombardment of these TV commercials, I believe that they may save lives as well as promote more business for the hospitals. As quoted by Wagner, Fleming, Mangold, and Laforge (1994), a 46-year old male wrote to a local hospital thanking them for saving his life through their TV campaign on the signs of heart attacks. From this campaign, this individual was able to identify that he was having a heart attack at which time he went straight to the emergency room. Another technique that Saint Francis used was the â€Å"We Care† campaigns. According to Beckham (2001) the â€Å"We Care† campaign was listed under the section â€Å"What Hasn’t Worked† of his article. Beckham claimed that consumers are more concerned with competence and results than whether the hospital cares or not. In my opinion, I would have to agree with this concept. Yes, Saint Francis did care, but is the service good? I believe that the TV campaigns are more successful as a marketing tool than wearing buttons reading â€Å"We Care.†Are Current Marketing Techniques Affecting Consumer  Trends?The answer to this question is hard to pin down at this point in my current opinion. According to Beckham (2001), some marketing strategies worked better than others. Positioning is one technique where an organization/hospital creates an image of clinical competence. Becham claimed that â€Å"positioning required more than advertising and facilities: there had to be underlying capabilities, and evidence, to back up the claims.† Another technique that Becham outlined in his article was â€Å"Missionary Work,† which is used when a physician cannot compete with his local hospital physicians and goes out into the countryside and builds relationships with the primary care physicians for referrals. This proved to be a successful technique being used. I do believe that the new techniques such as the ones mentioned above have or will affect consumer trends. The technique that I believe affects the most is the missionary work technique. There was a time when consumers believed that the only healthcare available to them was the primary care physician within their small countryside communities. Now with the relationships that are being built between the local physicians and the small countryside physicians, more specialized healthcare can be offered/provided to the citizens of these small communities. Thus, the trend of only using the local hometown physician has changed. Negative Impact on Healthcare WorkersI am sure some healthcares workers can be found that do not believe there is a negative impact from the techniques being used within healthcare. However, I believe there are some. Take for instance the technique outlined by (Wagner, Fleming, Mangold, & Laforge, 1994) of the marketing technique of building image and not on increasing demand for services. The negative impact that could be realized here is losing consumer business because consumers want to know more about the services provided to meet their needs than the hospital image. One hospital was quoted as having to shut its doors because of this type of marketing technique. The impact here is loss of jobs for the staff members of the hospital. A positive impact would be due to the technique that was listed as under the  sub-title â€Å"What Worked† in the article written by Beckham (2001). When the techniques work, everyone benefits because the consumer is satisfied and will continue to use the services, as well as, refer their friends to the hospital/clinic. ConclusionUnlike prior to the late 1970s marketing is now considered one the most important aspects of healthcare. There are many marketing techniques used today in which some have proven to work and others not so well. The main point to remember is there has to be a complete understanding of the background and foundation that identifies the importance of marketing. The right people need to be hired as marketing staff. If the wrong person is selected, not only will business fail, but healthcare workers would be affected as well. Marketing is good, it just has be worked properly for all to benefit from it. References Beckham, C. (2001, Jul/Aug). 20 years of healthcare marketing. Health Forum Journal, 44(4), 37-40. Retrieved June 29, 2008, from ProQuest database. Wagner, H. C., Fleming, D., Mangold, W. G., & Laforge, R. W. (1994). Relationship marketing in healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Marketing, 14(4), 42-47. Retrieved , from EBSCOhost database.

Free Essays on The Truth About Lying

The Truth About Lying It is seen as one of the worse acts committed; it’s so bad that the bible speaks several times against it. However, it is something that each and every one of us does almost uncontrollably. I’m talking about lying and liars, or people who lie have a bad name in this society. But let’s be honest here, lying is a normal human aspect of life. In this society the overall moral and realistic view is that truthfulness is of virtue. But if one would try to imagine a world without lying, realistically thinking, it would be a world full of hurt and disappointment . Whoever said that honesty is the best policy, is lying. First of all, lying is natural. It is not something that is learned, rather something that we as humans do biologically. Lying is something that is a part of us from birth. A good example is young children and the tall tales that they often tell. Children are not taught how to tell tall tales, it is simply something that is a part of them by nature. In saying that, I believe it is also important to mention that fact that most of these tall tales in which children tell are often very harmless and do no damage to anyone. Knowing this, it a wonder how people see lying as something so abnormal and wrong when it is something that the average human being does on a regular basis. Studies show that the average human being lies 200 times per day. Even though a great amount of these are considered to be â€Å"little white lies†, if you consider 200 lies per day, 365 days per year, times 6 billion people in this world, you do the math. How is it possible to say that all of these lies are wrong and then go on to say that honesty would have been the policy or the better idea? Wouldn’t one consider the reasoning behind all of those lies and then further conclude that it is not safe to say that all of these lies are wrong? What needs to happen first, is the realization that not all lyin... Free Essays on The Truth About Lying Free Essays on The Truth About Lying The Truth About Lying It is seen as one of the worse acts committed; it’s so bad that the bible speaks several times against it. However, it is something that each and every one of us does almost uncontrollably. I’m talking about lying and liars, or people who lie have a bad name in this society. But let’s be honest here, lying is a normal human aspect of life. In this society the overall moral and realistic view is that truthfulness is of virtue. But if one would try to imagine a world without lying, realistically thinking, it would be a world full of hurt and disappointment . Whoever said that honesty is the best policy, is lying. First of all, lying is natural. It is not something that is learned, rather something that we as humans do biologically. Lying is something that is a part of us from birth. A good example is young children and the tall tales that they often tell. Children are not taught how to tell tall tales, it is simply something that is a part of them by nature. In saying that, I believe it is also important to mention that fact that most of these tall tales in which children tell are often very harmless and do no damage to anyone. Knowing this, it a wonder how people see lying as something so abnormal and wrong when it is something that the average human being does on a regular basis. Studies show that the average human being lies 200 times per day. Even though a great amount of these are considered to be â€Å"little white lies†, if you consider 200 lies per day, 365 days per year, times 6 billion people in this world, you do the math. How is it possible to say that all of these lies are wrong and then go on to say that honesty would have been the policy or the better idea? Wouldn’t one consider the reasoning behind all of those lies and then further conclude that it is not safe to say that all of these lies are wrong? What needs to happen first, is the realization that not all lyin...

How Christmas Trees Became Popular in the 1800s

How Christmas Trees Became Popular in the 1800s The husband of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, gets the credit for making Christmas trees fashionable, as he famously set one up in Windsor Castle in the late 1840s. Yet there are reports of Christmas trees appearing in the United States years before the royal Christmas tree made a splash in American magazines. One classic yarn is that Hessian soldiers had been celebrating around a Christmas tree when George Washington caught them by surprise at the battle of Trenton. The Continental Army did cross the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians on Christmas night 1776, but there is no documentation of a Christmas tree having been present. Another story is that a Hessian soldier who happened to be in Connecticut set up Americas first Christmas tree in 1777. While thats accepted local lore in Connecticut, there also doesnt seem to be any documentation of the story. A German Immigrant and His Ohio Christmas Tree In the late 1800s a story circulated that a German immigrant, August Imgard, had set up the first American Christmas tree in Wooster, Ohio, in 1847. The story of Imgard appeared often in newspapers as a holiday feature. The basic version of the tale was that Imgard, after arriving in America, was homesick at Christmas. So he cut down the top of a spruce tree, brought it indoors, and decorated it with handmade paper ornaments and small candles. In some versions of the Imgard story he had a local tinsmith fashion a star for the top of the tree, and sometimes he was said to have decorated his tree with candy canes. There actually was a man named August Imgard who lived in Wooster, Ohio, and his descendants kept the story of his Christmas tree alive well into the 20th century. And there is no reason to doubt that he decorated a Christmas tree in the late 1840s. But there is a documented account of an earlier Christmas tree in America. First Documented Christmas Tree in America A professor at Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Charles Follen is known to have set up a Christmas tree in his home in the mid-1830s, more than a decade before August Imgard would have arrived in Ohio. Follen, a political exile from Germany, became known as a member of the abolitionist movement. The British writer Harriet Martineau visited Follen and his family at Christmas 1835 and later described the scene. Follen had decorated the top of a spruce tree with small candles and presents for his son Charlie, who was three years old. The first printed image of a Christmas tree in America seems to have occurred a year later, in 1836. A Christmas gift book titled A Strangers Gift, written by Herman Bokum, a German immigrant who, like Charles Follen, was teaching at Harvard, contained an illustration of a mother and several small children standing around a tree illuminated with candles. Earliest Newspaper Reports of Christmas Trees The Christmas tree of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert became known in America in the late 1840s, and in the 1850s reports of Christmas trees began appearing in American newspapers. A newspaper report described an interesting festival, a Christmas tree, which was viewed in Concord, Massachusetts on Christmas Eve 1853. According to the account in the Springfield Republican, all the children of the town participated and someone dressed as St. Nicholas distributed presents. Two years later, in 1855, the Times-Picayune in New Orleans published an article noting that St. Pauls Episcopal Church would be setting up a Christmas tree. This is a German custom, the newspaper explained, and one that has been of late years imported into this country, to the great delight of the young folks, who are its especial beneficiaries. The article in the New Orleans newspaper offers details indicating that many readers would be unfamiliar with the concept: A tree of evergreen, in size adapted to the dimensions of the room in which it is displayed, is selected, the trunk and branches of which are to be hung with brilliant lights, and laden from the lowest bought to the topmost branch, with Christmas gifts, delicacies, ornaments, etc., of every imaginable variety, forming a perfect storehouse of rare presents from old Santa Claus.What indeed can be more gratifying to children than to take them where their eyes will grow big and bright, feasting on such a sight on the eve of Christmas. A Philadelphia newspaper, The Press, published an article on Christmas Day 1857 which detailed how various ethnic groups had brought their own Christmas customs to America. It said: From Germany, in particular, comes the Christmas tree, hung all round with gifts of all sorts, interspersed with crowds of small tapers, which illuminate the tree and excite general admiration. The 1857 article from Philadelphia whimsically described Christmas trees as immigrants who had become citizens, stating, We are naturalizing the Christmas tree. And by the time, an employee of Thomas Edison created the first electric Christmas tree in the 1880s, the Christmas tree custom, whatever its origins, was permanently established. There are a number of unverified stories about Christmas trees in the White House in the mid-1800s. But it seems the first documented appearance of a Christmas tree wasnt until 1889. President Benjamin Harrison, who always had the reputation of being one of the less interesting presidents, was nonetheless very interested in Christmas celebrations. Harrison had a decorated tree placed in an upstairs bedroom of the White House, perhaps mostly for the entertainment of his grandchildren. Newspaper reporters were invited to see the tree and wrote fairly detailed reports about it. By the end of the 19th century, Christmas trees had become a widespread tradition throughout America.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Marketing - Essay Example In accordance with the above, for the needs of the particular marketing campaign, the geographic segmentation of the Australian market should be developed as follows: a) emphasis should be given on the urban areas – where the population is significant and where more perspectives exist for new products entering the particular markets, b) as noted in the map of Australia, the urban life is mainly developed in the country’s Eastern regions – where more of the cities are sited; therefore, a priority should be given to the promotion of the particular product in the Eastern regions of Australia; the promotion of the product in the country’s other regions could follow. ... his point of view, the particular product is expected to be welcomed in the Australian market, b) the socioeconomic status of the people in the country’s urban areas – main places of destination for the particular product – could not affect the performance of the product in the Australian market, since the price of the product is rather low, being accessible to people with different levels of income; in any case, the high percentage of people in Australia are of average and high financial status, which means they could easily afford to buy the specific product. The above view is in accordance with that of Wedel and Kamakura (2000) who noted that demographic and lifestyle information can have similar roles in market segmentation (Wedel and Kamakura 2000, 242). 3.3 Psychographic Segmentation In the context of the psychographic segmentation, the Australian market would be reviewed as of the criteria used by locals in order to buy specific products. These criteria wi ll be developed under the influence of the local cultures and ethics but also the average socioeconomic status, which, in the case of Australians, can be characterized as satisfactory. Indeed, most people in Australia have a satisfactory income – the average net wealth of a household in Australia has been estimated to $348,000 – which means, they could easily afford to buy the specific product. Moreover, the involvement in a wide range of activities is a common practice for people in Australia; therefore, their social life is likely to be significant; thus, their look should be good, in the context of the common social patterns. Consumers in Australia would welcome the particular product as it could help them to improve the quality/ health of their hair. At this point, the following issue should be

HR Strategy Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR Strategy Management - Essay Example The idea of the culture of excellence would serve to develop national cadre within the objective of the organization. It would also serve to develop the system used in service provision within the organization. Dubai municipality encompasses the following strategies; employment and nationalization, behavioral skills assessment at the assessment center, successive planning and specifying manpower within the organization. The Talent Management Section (TMS) that was formed within the municipality for the same purpose implements this. Specifying manpower would be the most indispensable of all the strategies. This would entail allocating the employees specific work that they have gotten to perform. Individuals are assigned various tasks that they are qualified in doing. This gives and asserts responsibility together with accountability of those involved. This would also ensure that delegation is done well and places filled up when an individual is missing. This would also include plannin g of the work that has to be done within the municipality and the time to be allocated for various activities. Planning would also involve acquiring the resources such as capital at the right time that would be used in carrying out tasks. This would result in goal or objective attainment for the organization. Successive planning is another strategy that is applied at the office of Dubai Municipality. ... It would also be in terms of human resource management that would involve employees. The municipality has employed enough people that carry out its activities; this ensures completion of work in time to ensure customer satisfaction. There is also performance and behavioral skills assessment aimed at provision of quality services that would put customer complains to minimal levels. When customers are satisfied all is well, and every person is happy. This prompts the Municipality to carry out performance assessment on its employees. This would act to make them carry out their work effectively and efficiently to achieve customer satisfaction. Behavioral skills are also assessed with the main aim of knowing how customer complaints are handled within the organization. This would involve how employees carry themselves when handling customer related issues. It would also be r5elated to the relation between employees within the organization. Good relations between employees would give maximu m output, which is required in firms or organizations providing services to the organization. The Assessment Centre within the Dubai municipality makes this possible. This is concerned with assessments aimed at knowing the competence of the workers and level of performance. This section requires qualified individuals who would carry out their work with integrity and minimal supervision (Dreher and Dougherty, 163). There is also career planning that aims at self-development of the employees of Dubai Municipality. Different sections exist within the municipality and this call for different knowledge and expertise. Therefore, individuals are identified and trained in their career lines. This would encourage specialization and