A Brave New World is Pending :: Brave New World Essays

A Brave New World is Pending In the March 6 issue of Science News, J. Raloff wrote "If pregnancies early in adulthood reduce a woman's lifelong risk of developing breast cancer, could short-term hormonal treatments that simulate aspects of pregnancy do the same thing? A new study suggest that the answer is yes." Reading that fast-forwarded my imagination to a horrible future, one described in Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World," where women of the future undergo surrogate pregnancies. In the book it was for mental reasons, but now, there's a physical reason to do such a hormonal treatment. How many other predictions will come true in the next, say, 20 years? Already we have television, airplanes, submarines, cyberspace and virtual reality. Is the next step a measurable move toward Utopia? Will we all live with perfect health? Will we stave off death so effectively that we are killed for population control reasons at the old, old age of 60? Will we lose sight of the goal of a long, productive life, abandon it for a long, forever young life (making aging a disease, because drugs to enhance the here and now build up to a painful later)? I'm all for advancement in medicine. My own father, an oncologist and hematologist, deals with ground-breaking new procedures and medicines on a daily basis. But to air out my cautious side: if the government ever starts worshiping Henry Ford, outlawing Shakespeare, instituting mandatory sterilization of certain groups of people, encouraging and perpetuating class divisions and distributing drugs to solve potential conflict, help me out by saying "STOP!" really, really loudly. Then again, this government does revere Henry Ford in a way. If a big car company wanted something done that was contrary to the desires of a community, my bets are on the car company. This thorough encouragement of big business and the tradition of such can almost be seen as worship. While Shakespeare hasn't been outlawed anywhere (as far as I know), teaching Darwin's theory of Natural Selection is banned in some school districts. J.D. Salinger's "Catcher in the Rye" is banned in some school districts. Ruth Sherman, a white teacher in a black and Hispanic neighborhood in New York, left her job in fear for her life over a book called "Nappy Hair": some parents (who of course, hadn't read the award-winning novel and for the most part weren't her student's parents) thought it was racist and divisive.

Management Consultants

What can individual management consultants or management consultancy as a profession contribute to the recover from current economic climate. Introduction †¢ Definition ] †¢ Management consultant history development †¢ Possible contribution of management consultant †¢ Current economic climate, whats needed but organisations in the recovery †¢ What I am going to talk about in the essay – base of my argument Paragraphs †¢ Globilization †¢ Technology †¢ Control of risk †¢ Business become lean †¢ Create jobs Management consultant is a profession and a practice that helps organisations improve productivity and performance through the use of expertise and knowledge. Consultants have been viewed as external experts brought in to provide advice about a specific problem where internal managers are ill equipped or unsure of the best strategy or solution [Kubr, 199622. Consultants use analytical tool to produce organisations future objective and formulate strategic plan to achieve these goals. As pointed out by Rossi (2009) to create value consultants must be precise and creative in ddressing problems organisation faces, proposing innovative solution and taking responsibility of implementation of the recommendations. In the current economic climate no organisation has been immune to the affects of the unstable economic climate. In this environment management consultant has become important due to the fact that a change in direction is required; consultants offer this change in a decisive way si nce they have an impartial opinion and an external view of organisation. As a result of the credit crunch the current economic climate is unpredictable, with high level of unemployment, high inflation and euro zone crisis; organisations have had to find innovative ways to stay competitive in their markets. This has resulted in organisations reducing the use of consultants as firms cancel or delay project in order to save money. However for some firms the current economic crisis is beyond anything they have experienced before, with modest guidance from historic evidence to depend on, they have looked toward management consultants for assistance and help to survive the recession. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the different ways in which consultants can contribute to the economic recovery in general, whilst critically analysing the interventions management consultants can make and its limitations to be specific. Globalisation and technological advances led the economic boom that nations experienced during the late 1990s, however due to the banking crisis of 2008-2010 the economies around the world have never full recovered. The recovery of the global economies according to Shaikh (2010) is going to dependant on business spending and investments in emerging market such as China as well as efficient management of resources. In the current economic climate, organisations are facing high cost of production and low levels of liquidity, by moving production to low-cost countries organisations will be able to decrease their cost of production. Management consultancy will be imperative for organisation in the strategic planning in order to meet these objectives; as they offer expertise in efficiency management and risk management needed in investing in new markets. Leaman (2008) pointed out that the one of the challenges organisations face when moving into a new country is management of workforce due to the difference in culture. Consultancy can help organisations in managing and training an international workforce by advising the managers on human resources issues such as workforce retention and in turn provide workforce stability. Consultancy can intervene by offering the organisation specific tools to control employee turnover and services which in turn will benefit the organisation retain their best employees. Retaining the best employees is important in this current economic environment as it cuts training cost for new employees that replace them. This will improve the organisation’s efficiency and also the organisation’s liquidity. Leaman concluded that during a recession a lot of hard work is now focused on driving out costs and making organisations more effective and efficient. A way in which organisations can improve their efficiency is by investing in technology. Porter and Millar (1985) agued that improvements in technology enhances organisations’ competitive edge and leads to greater efficiency. In the current economic environment the improvements in efficiency in businesses will contribute to the economic growth due to the fact that businesses would be utilizing their resources more in production. Management consultancy can contribute to this increase in efficiency by raising attention to problems in current system or implementation of new system. The expertise in data collection and analysis of system help management consultants to measure different ways in which organisation can improve the current system or propose a new one. This can be seen in the Personal Care North America’s order management system that was created by a supply chain and system consultancy firm called Clarkston in 2008. After the merger of Chesebrough-Ponds, Lever Brother and Helen Curtis the organisation had three different order supply systems which consultants proved was an inefficient system as it was expensive and slow to run. They analysed data from customer responses and inventory management to collude that the organisation needed to merge the systems and have one unified system that provides a real-time view of the entire order-to-cash process. According to Clarkston Consulting by having a full integrated system the business process is simplified and efficient providing a platform for organisations to meet their needs and projected growth. This intervention made by the consultancy firm indicates that consultancy as a practice can contribute to an increase in efficiency in organisations, which will lead to an increase in economic activity by the organisation and in turn help the economy. According to Akintoye, MacLeod (1998) the economic recovery is going to be reliant on the improvements in market driven companies. They have suffered in growth due to the lack of disposable income of their customers due to increases in VAT and inflation. They have also suffered due to the increasing power of consumers who have more opportunities to choose Cairo (2010). In this situation management consultancy can contribute by advising the organisations the different way in which they could increase their understanding of their market, thus give them the ability to increase their customer retention and draw new customers. Consultancy can achieve this through market research and analysis of consumer trends, so they can tune existing marketing complain to optimization strategy for the changing consumers. By ensuring that the organisation meets these objectives consultants can provide a platform for the organisation to achieve future growth. This growth will lead to an increase in spending by the organisation on such things as infrastructure, recruitment and training, thus creating jobs for an economy that is experiencing high level of unemployment at the moment. The time and cost over-runs associated with organisational growth make it imperative that the investments safe and provide good returns. It’s important due to the fact that the economic environment is in a bad state as a result of bad risk management by bank in lending. Management consultancy can reduce the risk of investment and create a safe path for growth by planning ahead to avoid pitfalls. By using specific methodologies to analyse market data they ensure that product launches are successful. Management consultants’ analysis of market data will allow organisation to make accurate strategic marketing decision to reduce the risk of frailer for their investment. By reducing the risk of failure the business will be able to grow and produce more output. Vassalou (2002) study shows that an increase in output or growth by businesses contributed to an increase in GDP for a country. Management consultant could also intervene in situation when businesses are about to invest in a risky investment. From expertise and nowledge gained from other businesses, management consults could step in with advices for businesses not to invest in certain products or markets. By intervening and stopping the investment by business into risky ventures the management constancy reduces the cost of bailout that will be needed to recue businesses that are too big to fail. Management consultants on the other hand have limitation to the contribution they can make to the economy. There are other exte rnal factors that are outside the control of management consultancy that affect the data collection, analysis and advise they give to business. Economic factors such as the euro zone crisis have adverse influence on UK business due to the relationship and the dependence of UK businesses to mainland Europe. This is due to the fact that UK exports to Europe amounts to 48% total exports and 15% of annual GDP Global Britain Publication (2009). This is vital to the recovery of the economy due to the fact that at the moment Europe is are suffering high levels of inflation and have low disposable income to purchase UK products or services. This is going to lead to reduction in demand for UK goods and services in Europe, thus affect the growth and sustainability of UK businesses. In this situation management consultancy’s influence on the business will be limited due to the fluctuations in the economy. The analysis of market data will be constantly changing which may lead to businesses cutting consultancy as they will not be achieve the results the client are expecting. The practice is criticised for not having real corporate world experience, knowledge and skills. Kubr M 1996 Management Consulting: A Guide to the Profession 3rd revised ed. Geneva ILO

The Vietnam s Southern Revolution - 1906 Words

BOOK REVIEW ASSIGNMENT Hunt, David. Vietnam s Southern Revolution. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2008. Print. 1. whats the book about? Vietnam’s Southern Revolution by David Hunt encompasses the history of North Vietnamese peasants, their social and political history, and the story of their uprising against the foreign backed South Vietnam. The RAND corporation, a â€Å"think tank† organization that assists research, advocacy, and policy suggestion was utilized by the U.S. military in Vietnam to explore the emergence of the NLF (National Liberation Front) in Northern Vietnam. The NLF, also known as the Vietcong, was the main antagonistic guerilla military force which U.S. forces conducted battle most frequently with in dense jungle brush. While not the standardized Northern Vietnamese Army (NVA), the NLF were a ideological driven force which perfected hit-and-run raids against U.S. forces and were made infamous by their all-black battle garb. The common belief was that these peasants were impressionable and naive serfs who readily absorbed Communist and anti-democratic doctrine. After all, the peasants of My Tho, the region in which RAND conducted its operations, were living in relative squalor by modern standards and most had surprisingly little communication with the world beyond their insular and isolated communities. Hunt’s goal is to dispel this popular belief. To the surprise of the RAND corporation, the citizens of My Tho were often more worldly thanShow MoreRelatedThe Vietnam War1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the Vietnam War, was to end the awful spread of communism. As Ho Chi Minh (North Vietnam’s communist president) fought to which spread North Vietnam’s political uses to Sou thern Vietnam. With this, the American Military Advisors sought to believe that a fall of Southern Vietnam to communist hands, would then lead to a total takeover of neighboring nations to fall under communism. The effect of the neighboring nations falling, was known as the â€Å"Domino Effect†. It all began when TheRead MoreThe United States Involvement During The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolvement in Vietnam was the longest war the U.S. has ever took part in and was considered an extended military engagement due to the fact congress never formally declared war with Vietnam (FCNL). The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955 and lasted for 20 years until April 30, 1975. The war was fought between the communist Northern Vietnamese and the anti-communist Southern Vietnamese after the country was temporarily divided by the Geneva Accords. Americas entering of the Vietnam War proved toRead MoreThe 1950s : A Decade Of Prosperity, Conformity, And Consensus1470 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesKylie Suitum Hist 406 Final Paper 12/11/15 Historians tend to portray the 1950’s as a decade of prosperity, conformity, and consensus, and the 1960’s as a decade of turbulence, protest, and disillusionment. Do you agree or disagree with this view? Show evidence to support your argument. With the overwhelming amount of Levittown houses, the obsession to obtain the perfect American â€Å"ideal family† as seen on TV and the unspoken agreement to fear any and all foreign ideas and values, the 1950s wereRead MoreFear of Communism Caused the Vietnam War Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam war has been referred to by many names, one of the longer ones was the cornerstone of the free world southeast Asia. It was called that by John F. Kennedy. He was talking about Vietnam being and essential country in a non-communist world. He believed that if Vietnam became a communist country, all of the surrounding countries would also become communists. This is the main reason America was involved in the Vietnam war. Another reason was that America wanted to spread their â€Å"politicalRead MoreEssay about 1968: A Year Of American Transformation1649 Words   |  7 PagesCertainly the most turbulent twelve months of the post-WWII period and arguably one of the most di sturbing episodes the country has endured since the Civil War, 1968 offers the world a glimpse into the tumultuous workings of a revolution. Although the entire epoch of the 1960s remains significant in US history, 1968 stands alone as the pivotal year of the decade; it was the moment when all of the nations urges toward violence, sublimity, diversity, and disorder peaked to produce a transformationRead MoreVietnam Before And After Doi Moi Policy1619 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Vietnam before and after Doi Moi policy. Imagine, there decades ago, what was Vietnam? One of the most aggressive economy in the world? No. It was one of the poorest and the most under-developed country. What miracle happened to change the face of the country? In such a situation, the Government did what needed to be done: making a revolution. An innovation named Doi Moi (renovation) was introduced in 1986. Since Doi Moi, we have witnessed a wide variety of changes in Vietnam. During theRead MoreThe Khmer Rouge s Rise Into Power1308 Words   |  6 Pagesimmediately set about to defeat the communists. After the US forces left South Vietnam in 1973, South Vietnam and the Cambodians had to fight the communists alone. In 1975 without the support of the United States the Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia which would be called Democratic Republic of Kampuchea or Kampuchea. Over 156,000 people died in the civil war, half of them being civilians. On the 25th of December 1978, Vietnam launched a full-scale invasion of Kampuchea and su bsequently occupied the countryRead MoreEssay on Wars and The Birht of Republic, Different Topics1408 Words   |  6 PagesIndochina War took place in the Asian region of Indochina, containing the nations of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.   French, the long time colonial ruler of Indochina was being fought by these nations.   The French started their colonial rule over Indochina in 1859, and had control by 1885.   During World War II, Vietnam resisted French rule, and as the World War came to an end, Japan defeated the French taking control of Vietnam.   Again during 1945, the Vietnamese fought against Japanese rule and were victoriousRead MoreThe American Reaction to Involvement in Vietnam Essay862 Words   |  4 Pagesto Involvement in Vietnam In the early 60s, most Americans were very ignorant about Vietnam. They just saw it as a little concern. They were an extremely confident nation who had never lost a war to date, and whose resources were limitless. So they naturally assumed that all their weapons and firepower would ensure victory in a couple of months. Patriotism was very strong in America at that time. Many people remembered the McCarthy trials of the 1950s, so people wereRead MoreThe War Of Vietnam And The Vietnam War1525 Words   |  7 Pages The war in Vietnam is The United States and other capitalist bloc countries supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) against the support by the Soviet Union and other socialist bloc countries of North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and the Vietcong of war. Which occurred during the Cold War of Vietnam (main battlefield), Laos, and Cambodia. This is the biggest and longtime war in American history during the 1960s (Best 2008). It is also the most significant war after World War II

Appraisal for Democracy by Plato, Aristotle and Thucydides

In general, we can think of and consider democracy as a system or a structure of government made up of four key pillars. First, as a political system involved in choosing and interchanging the leadership through free and fair voting. The second pillar would be the active involvement of the citizens both in civic life and politics. Third is the safeguarding of the human rights of every citizen. Then finally as rule of law, which apply equally in the society. However, for the purpose of this paper, we focus on discussions of ancient Greeks on the practice and theory of democracy as a system of government. Appraisal for Democracy by Plato, Aristotle and Thucydides Plato is one dominant figure in the history of democracy. It is important to note, however, that he is in fact pivotal for the crucial questions he asked about democracy. His character is so strong such that even after veering off the public’ s favor he continues to stress on the cracks of democracy. Although unpleasing to consider his reasonable points, on weakness in democracy that he pointed out continues to disturb me. Plato suggested that, a big danger lay in uniting people of different cultures and abilities. He suggested that having that unitary group under one leader, was risky for the greater good as it conferred the individual so much power that might be subject to abuse. Such an individual could probably manipulate the public through rhetoric. In my view that case is solid and has come to be proven, several

The Question For Modern Day Society - 1949 Words

The first words in Bible are, â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth† (Genesis 1:1, English Standard Version). This statement leaves a question for modern day society. Does this verse mean God created the universe in six literal days and rest on the seventh? Or could it possibly mean this was a non-literal text that leaves room for the possibility of evolution. Evolution and Creationism have been battling over this issue for many years. What must be realized before examining these two theories is the fact that both require faith. Requiring faith means neither can be proven right completely. These two theories bring to light the literal and non-literal reading of Genesis 1 and 2. Creationism believes in the literal interpretation of the text, and evolution, specifically theistic evolution, believes in non-literal interpretation. The literal interpretation states God created everything in six days just as it states which leaves little wiggle room for the no n-literal interpretation. However, there is some scientific reasoning and fact that can reinforce their system of thinking. While a non-literal theistic evolutionist approach is a plausible option of the account in Genesis one, the Creationist’s literal interpretation outweighs the non-literal because the analysis of the text agrees with the literal approach and the current scientific evidence, history, and authority of scripture point to a young earth. The non-literal interpretation of the Holy ScriptureShow MoreRelatedThe Lost Tools Of Learning1396 Words   |  6 Pagesthe modern day education system. Sayers states, â€Å"if we are to produce a society of educated people, fitted to preserve their intellectual freedom amid the complex pressures of our modern society, we must turn back the wheel of progress some four or five hundred years†(Sayers, 1). The Trivium, a medieval education style would not only improve students education, but student’s ability to bec ome critical thinkers through Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. With the return of the Trivium to modern day educationRead MoreThe Loved One1705 Words   |  7 Pagestechniques to show humility’s countless attempts to cheat death and by doing so, leads to the death of spiritual, emotional and cultural death of our society. Through the two texts, â€Å"The Loved One† by Evelyn Waugh a post-war satirical novel written in 1948 that deals with the superficiality and materialism of the funeral industry in modern day society and â€Å"death† an episode of the popular British sitcom Absolutely Fabulous written in the 90’s that comments on the rise of consumerism and the trivializingRead MoreNegligence Or Strict Liability?1294 Words   |  6 PagesWould one consider including pain and suffering, which in today’s modern society, as part of the remedy, pain and suffering is given consideration. Men quarreling would consider this type of compensation should an injury result from the quarrelling. If we look at this example from modern day of law, one would question if the elements of negligence were met and if so, the injured party is entitled to recover for damages. Modern day law would also consider any contributory factors or whether both partiesRead MoreAnalysis Of J Alfred Prufrock And Preludes1183 Words   |  5 PagesElliot is seen as one of the most influential modernistic poet of all time. Elliot’s poems evidently highlight the real face of modern man and modern existence by exploring the social realms that society is placed under in a desolately described, modernistic world. TS Elliot describes the industrialised world in both J Alfred Prufrock and Preludes as a disjointed, dehumanised world where mundane activities are ever-present in people’s lives. Elliot focuses on using the character’s viewpoint throughRead MoreModern Day American Society By Aaron Devor s Bros Before Hos : The Guy Code ``1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe word patriarchy is rarely openly used to describe modern day American society, yet it is the root of all gender relations. The widely accepted notion that men naturally evolved to become the superior sex is a myth. Aaron Devor’s â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender,† and Michael Kimmel’s â€Å"Bros Before Hos: The Guy Code,† both argue that the gender hierarchy America has been built upon is the product of socialization. Devor s essay, written more like a researchRead MoreThe Cult Of Personality : Lynden Voth992 Words   |  4 Pagesnegative connotation in our modern world typically due to the violence that their members undertake in attempting to save their way of life or convert others. The question must be asked then; what would happen if a cult became a place of community rather than a place of religious intolerance? No longer would cults be seen in negative lights such as Jamestown and similar s uicide cults, but instead be an intense bonding experience between like minded members of society. With interpersonal relationshipsRead MoreAncient Roman Clothes And Cosmetics Case Study876 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment Topic: Clothes and Cosmetics By Vanshika Part B: Inquiry Questions Key Inquiry Question: How does Ancient Rome affect what clothes and cosmetics are produced today? What did the cosmetics consist of,were the materials harmful for your skin and how has that changed today? How did the clothes vary between different genders and ranks of people? Did everyone in the Ancient Roman society have access to clothes and cosmetics? Part C: Extended Response Word Count:770Read MoreThe Article What s Blocking Sustainability? Human Nature, Cognition, And Denial By William Rees1748 Words   |  7 Pages Human nature, cognition, and denial by William Rees brings up an important argument that human society nowadays is no longer sustainable. Human activity, therefore, seems to be maladaptive: it selects defective genes and malicious memes as well as act in such a way so that to exploit the natural resources to the point of threatening human survival in the long run. The modern techno-industrial society in this relationship to the ecosphere support the notion that Homo Sapiens Sapiens are unsustainableRead MoreThe Continual Evolution Of A Complex Concept1045 Words   |  5 Pagesthese words strike a similar chord, but what exactly do they have in common? The common thread is that they are all synonyms for the concept of good. Yet, as society continually and carelessly slaps the label â€Å"good† on all sorts of people, places, and things, a complex question remains: what is good? From the eleventh century to the present day, as recorded by Douglas Harper, the definition of good has continued to evolve. Originally, English speakers used the German-derived term in reference to attributesRead MoreA Male Dominant Society1816 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to create a logical and reason based argument that the modern society is still tilted towards a male dominant society, or what the sociologists refer to as a patriarchal society, it is pivotal that a thorough understanding of the characteristics of a patriarchal society is developed. When a st rong grasp of the ideas of a patriarchal society is developed then we will be in a position to argue that it is in fact the commoditization of the female sexuality through media and other popular mediums

Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets Reaction Paper Free Essays

Reaction Paper to Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets The podcast of Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets: Meet the Experts titled Teaching Reading demonstrated the importance of teaching children to read right the first time. According to Hunter (2008) reading is the first civil right because without being able to read well and strategically, one is unable to access his or her other civil rights and that teaching children to read is a schools first mission. Children need to be reading at grade level or above before completing the third grade (Hunter, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets: Reaction Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with Hunter’s statement that good is not good enough when we can do better. Teaching children to read is one area where we cannot afford to settle for good, we must strive for best. Reading is a fundamental skill that is necessary for all future learning. Hunter (2008) discussed the need to use the research and not teach with the method that he or she feels is the right thing. Teachers need to be able to read and evaluate research to find what will be of value and has creditable in classroom instruction. Teachers must be committed to being a lifelong learner. Learning must then be incorporated into the classroom teaching practices. Stanovich Stanovich (2003) contend that â€Å"scientific research about what works does not usually find its way into most classrooms. † Teachers must be committed to making proven methods a part of their daily instruction techniques. According to Hunter (2008) the best schools use the proven research methods in their classroom. Taylor (2002) referenced the following characteristics of teachers who are effective in teaching children to read: Maintaining instructional balance, spark higher-level thinking by discussing what was read, teach how to transfer skills and strategies to independent reading, coaching as children are reading and writing, foster a sense of responsibility in children for their own learning, provide motivating instruction with many opportunities for reading and writing, teachers have high expectations that their pupils can do well, manage their classroom, foster strong parent relationships. If one agrees with Hunter that our children deserve the best in reading education, then one must develop the best characteristics in ones teaching style. Just as it is best to teach reading right the first time, it is best to start out on the right path using proven methods than to try to correct latter. References Hunter Phyllis, (2008). Phyllis Hunter (Teaching Reading). Reading Rockets present Meet the Experts. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www. readingrockets. org/podcasts/experts Taylor, B. M. (2002). Characteristics of teachers that are effective in teaching all children to read. National Education Association. Retrieved September 2, 2008. Stanovich, P. J. , Stanovich, K. E. (2003). Using Research and Reason in Education. National Institute for Literacy. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www. nifl. gov/partnershipforreading/ How to cite Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets: Reaction Paper, Essay examples

Impact of Tourism on Wildlife-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Tourism on Wildlife. Answer: Introduction The term tourism can be defined as a travel for the purpose of business or pleasure. The theory of touring, the business that is a result of constant travel, accommodating guests, their entertainment and the task of operating tours is also involved in this term (Hong, 2015).Tourism can involve both international and domestic travelling. Tourism is a growing industry and for many countries, it is a major source of livelihood and income. Tourism tends to involve the economy of both the host country and the source country. Due to the economic slowdown in the period 2007-2008, tourism suffered a great blow. Terrorism, the outbreak of influenza virus and other such activities also played a role in affecting tourism. Tourism involves travelling places that vary from metropolitan cities, villages, beaches, mountain ranges or jungles and wildlife (Ivanov Webster 2012). This report is based on the impact of tourism on wildlife. Wildlife tourism involves observation and interacting with the local plant as well as animal life in their natural habitat. Although this kind of tourism includes eco and friendly tourism, hunting and other high intervention activities also tend to fall under the umbrella of wildlife tourism (Onofri, Nunes, 2013). In simple terms, wildlife tourism can be described as the interaction of humans with wild animals and other marine animals in their own habitat (Dann Chambers, 2013). This interaction is done in various ways, which range from active methods like hunting to passive methods like photography. In various countries like Canada, Australia, Africa, South America, Malaysia and Maldives, wildlife tourism forms and important part of the tourism industry. Recently, this sector has witnesss tremendous growth. Figure 1: Wildlife Safari disturbs parents-offspring relationship (Source: Hall Page, 2014) Water based activities in tourism like cruises, boats, fiving, water bike and others have become an important part of various tourist packages. These tend to interact with the marine animals and affect them adversely (Hall Page, 2014).This report throws light on the impacts of tourism on the wildlife including both animals in the terrestrial environment as well as in the marine. It highlights both the positive effects as well as the negative effects of tourism on these thereby underlying the harm to the life of these animals (Goeldner Ritchie, 2012). The various difficulties in the measurement of the impact of tourism have also been discussed along with the precautionary principle to their management. Impacts of tourism on wildlife Tourism has various impacts on the wildlife existence, some of which have been discussed below: Negative Impacts Wildlife tourism can cause disturbances to animals in their natural habitat. Tourism activities, which tend to based on minimal or no direct contact to the wildlife, tend to affect their lives adversely (Thurstan et al., 2012). The growing interest in being closer to the nature has boosted the resort and hotel constructions, particularly in the forests (Buckley, 2012). Taking the example of Kenya it can be said that the wildlife observing activities tend to drive the cheetah population way from their reserves, which increases the risk of inbreeding, and further endangers their species. Some specified negative impacts have been given below Effect on Breeding and feeding patterns The tourists who visit these places for photography or a hunt can affect the feeding patterns as well as the hunting of some species. An increase in the boat traffic in Manu National Park in Peru greatly disturbs the feeding of the giant otters (Kerlinger et al., 2013). Tourist guides often tend to dig up the nests of the turtle and tend to chase the swimming animals in order to provide the client with better opportunities of coming close to the nature. In Zimbabwe, the noise that tourists generate has had an effect on the drinking and feedback patterns of animals like the black rhinoceros and elephants (Lucrezi, Saayman van der Merwe, 2013). Figure 2: Tourism affects breeding and feeding patterns of the animals(Source: Murphy, 2013). Parent offspring bonds are disrupted The wildlife tourism also tends to have an effect on intra relationships between the animals. It has been observed that when these animals are observed by a group of tourists, they tend to spend less time with their offsprings (Hughes, 2013). Whales, female harp seals and other marine animals have also been affected by these. Increasing vulnerability Very often, certain species, which are viewed in wildlife tourisms, become more vulnerable to predators (Cong et al., 2014). The evidence has been observed in reptiles, mammals and birds Increased mortality and poaching Poaching is a common practice undertaken by hunters where the hunters take the lives of animals for their specific features like horns skin, pelts and other physical features. These features are useful to the hunters as the market value of these is quite high (Kibara, Odhiambo Njuguna, 2012). However, these unique physical features are very important for the animals themselves as they play a crucial rule in their survival against natural predators in their eco-system (Wongthong Harvey, 2014). Figure 3: The marine life is also spoiled by tourism. (Source: Hughes, 2013) Changes in habitat Due to pollution, which results from the smoke emitted by the vehicles carrying the tourists, a great amount of destruction is caused to natural habitats (Ziegler, Dearden Rollins, 2012). Vehicles including all-terrain vehicles, dirt bikes ad off road vehicles, which are driven across streams and other water bodies, lead to loss of stability on the steam bank and lead to erosion. Positive Impacts The tourists visiting these wildlife places help in contributing funds required for the conservation of the wild life (Murphy, 2013). The financial donations that are earned help in the conservation efforts. Some wildlife tourism operations contribute to the monitoring of wildlife general research, which is relevant to the conservation. Difficulties in Measuring the Impact of Tourism on Wildlife and application of precautionary principle to their management. Various methods have been formulated to measure the impact of Tourism on Wildlife. Methods like line transect surveys and distance-sampling methods are generally used to study the harmful effect. Line transect surveys are generally done during the morning as well as evening. However, there are certain limitations associated with these methods. For example, in distance sampling theory, many animals remain undetected (OMalley, Lee-Brooks Medd, 2013). Even in methods like visual line transect surveys, the transects are randomly placed thereby creating constraints on establishing the transects in the forest as a whole. Therefore, there is no proper method involved and these methods are often based on assumptions, which are not relevant for all kinds of situations Conclusion Therefore, from the discussion it can be stated that, tourism has an adverse impact on the wildlife habitat as well as population, both terrestrial and marine. These impacts are difficult to measure as there is no proper method to do so. 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